1. The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance 1 deg C is the:

 a. latent heat

 b. heat capacity

 c. solar input

 d. thermocline

 

2. The amount of sunlight striking the Earth's surface is referred to as:

 a. radiation

 b. convection

 c. conduction

 d. advection

 e. insolation

 

3. Lines which connect points of equal temperature on an oceanographic chart are termed:

 a. isobars

 b. isotherms

 c. isometrics

 d. thermoclines

 

4. pH describes the __________________ of a solution.

 a. salinity

 b. temperature

 c. acidity

 d. Cl- concentration

 e. Na+ concentration

 

5. When air is heated, its density:

 a. decreases

 b. increases

 

6. Winds are named for the direction:

 a. in which they are going

 b. from which they are coming

 

7. Currents are named for the direction:

 a. in which they are going

 b. from which they are coming

 

8. Thermohaline currents are due to differences in ___________ and __________.

 a. temperature; wind direction

 b. pressure; salinity

 c. temperature; salinity

 d. temperature; pressure

 

9. When near-surface water is moved offshore by Ekman transport, water from below replaces it in a process known as:

 a. upwelling

 b. downwelling

 c. Langmuir circulation

 d. Franklin eddies

 e. occlusion

 

10. Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is produced mainly at the surface of the __________ Sea.

 a. China

 b. North

 c. Weddell

 d. Baltic

 e. Bering

 

11. Which of the following occurs during an El Nino?

 a. tradewinds increase

 b. sea surface temperatures are elevated

 c. fisheries thrive on increased upwelling

 d. the stock market crashes

 

12. Which of the following is true of a La Nina?

 a. tradewinds reverse direction

 b. upwelling decreases

 c. sea surface temperatures are decreased

 d. a southern oscillation occurs in the atmosphere

 

13. In a __________ breaker, the entire wave front steepens, curls, and collapses forward.

 a. surging

 b. spilling

 c. plunging

 d. slipping

 

14. Plunging breakers usually form where there is a __________ bottom slope.

 a. steep

 b. gentle

 

15. Over the oceans, ____________ exceeds ____________.

 a. evaporation; precipitation

 b. precipitation; evaporation